Media affects an audience severely. Most people argue that the media involves either emotion or the fluctuation of social science. On the emotions side, a great number of media has been the center of a moral panic at one point. Since the audiences is a vital component to media studies, there are theories to evoke, including the ‘effects debate’ and the ‘use of gratifications’ model. The ‘effects debate’ theory has argued that media has the potential to influence the audience negatively. The ‘use of gratifications’ model reveals that an individual uses media in order to please certain needs.
ER is one of the most popular programs that is currently broadcasted as it falls under five topics: energy, abundance, intensity, transparency, and community. As described in the chapter, energy is the “speed of series or sharp, short items; the ‘latest’ news; handheld camera”, abundance is “technology of news-gathering”, intensity is the “emphasis on violence, dramatic incident; selection of visuals with eye to climatic moments”, transparency is the “simplification of events to allow easy comprehension”, and community is “the world rendered as global village”. When media theorists changed their perception of the audience from a number to actual people, the ethnographic theory was developed. Scientists were put into a group of people and observed their behavior to better understand human behavior, which is called participant observation. The purpose of this study was for the researcher to be with the audience they are studying.
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